Marxism 

Why Marxism Failed in the USSR

1. Economic Stagnation – The Soviet Union struggled with inefficiency, lack of innovation, and poor resource allocation. Centralized planning led to shortages and economic decline.

2. Political Rigidity – The Communist Party resisted reform, and when Gorbachev introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring), they destabilized the system rather than revitalizing it.

3. Loss of Public Support – Economic hardship, political repression, and lack of freedoms led to widespread dissatisfaction, weakening the legitimacy of the Soviet government.

4. Failure to Adapt – The USSR did not successfully transition to a mixed economy or integrate market reforms, unlike China.

Why Marxism Survived in China

1. Economic Reform & Pragmatism – China embraced market socialism, allowing private enterprise while maintaining state control over key industries. This led to rapid economic growth.

2. Strong Party Control – The Communist Party of China (CPC) retained tight control over governance, preventing political instability while adapting policies to changing conditions.

3. Improvement in Living Standards – Unlike the USSR, China’s reforms significantly improved quality of life, strengthening public support for the government.

4. Global Integration – China actively engaged in international trade and investment, making it a dominant global economic force while maintaining socialist principles.